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- Network Working Group T. Pusateri
- Request for Comments: 1469 Consultant
- June 1993
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- IP Multicast over Token-Ring Local Area Networks
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This RFC specifies an IAB standards track protocol for the Internet
- community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
- Please refer to the current edition of the "IAB Official Protocol
- Standards" for the standardization state and status of this protocol.
- Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- Abstract
-
- This document specifies a method for the transmission of IP multicast
- datagrams over Token-Ring Local Area Networks. Although an interim
- solution has emerged and is currently being used, it is the intention
- of this document to specify a more efficient means of transmission
- using an assigned Token-Ring functional address.
-
- Introduction
-
- IP multicasting provides a means of transmitting IP datagrams to a
- group of hosts. A group IP address is used as the destination
- address in the IP datagram as documented in STD 5, RFC 1112 [1].
- These group addresses, also referred to as Class D addresses, fall in
- the range from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. A standard method of
- mapping IP multicast addresses to media types such as ethernet and
- fddi exist in [1] and RFC 1188 [2]. This document attempts to define
- the mapping for an IP multicast address to the corresponding Token-
- Ring MAC address.
-
- Background
-
- The Token-Ring Network Architecture Reference [3] provides several
- types of addressing mechanisms. These include both individual
- (unicast) and group addresses (multicast). A special subtype of
- group addresses are called functional addresses and are indicated by
- a bit in the destination MAC address. They were designed for widely
- used functions such as ring monitoring, NETBIOS, Bridge, and Lan
- Manager frames. There are a limited number of functional addresses,
- 31 in all, and therefore several unrelated functions must share the
- same functional address.
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- Pusateri [Page 1]
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- RFC 1469 IP Multicast over Token-Ring LANs June 1993
-
-
- It would be most desirable if Token-Ring could use the same mapping
- as ethernet and fddi for IP multicast to hardware multicast
- addressing. However, current implementations of Token-Ring
- controller chips cannot support this. To see why, we must first
- examine the Destination MAC address format.
-
- Destination Address Format
-
- The destination MAC address consists of six octets. In the following
- diagram of a MAC address, the order of transmission of the octets is
- from top to bottom (octet 0 to octet 5), and the order of
- transmission of the bits within each octet is from right to left (bit
- 0 to bit 7). This is the so-called "canonical" bit order for IEEE
- 802.2 addresses. Addresses supplied to or received from token ring
- interfaces are usually laid out in memory with the bits of each octet
- in the opposite order from that illustrated, i.e., with bit 0 in the
- high-order (leftmost) position within the octet.
-
- 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
-
- ---------------------------------
- | | | | | | |U/L|I/G| octet 0
- ---------------------------------
- | | | | | | | | | octet 1
- ---------------------------------
- | | | | | | | |FAI| octet 2
- ---------------------------------
- | | | | | | | | | octet 3
- ---------------------------------
- | | | | | | | | | octet 4
- ---------------------------------
- | | | | | | | | | octet 5
- ---------------------------------
-
- The low order bit of the high order octet is called the I/G bit. It
- signifies whether the address is an individual address (0) or a group
- address (1). This is comparable to the multicast bit in the DIX
- Ethernet addressing format.
-
- Bit position 1 of the high order octet, called the U/L bit, specifies
- whether the address is universally administered (0) or locally
- administered (1). Universally administered addresses are those
- specified by a standards organization such as the IEEE.
-
- If the I/G bit is set to 1 and the U/L bit is 0, the address must be
- a universally administered group address. If the I/G bit is 1 and the
- U/L bit is a 1, the address may be either a local administered group
- address or a functional address. This distinction is determined by
-
-
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- Pusateri [Page 2]
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- RFC 1469 IP Multicast over Token-Ring LANs June 1993
-
-
- the Functional Address Indicator (FAI) bit located in bit position 0
- of octet 2. If the FAI bit is 0, the address is considered a
- functional address. And if the FAI bit is 1, this indicates a
- locally administered group address.
-
- Different functional addresses are made by setting one of the
- remaining 31 bits in the address field. These bits include the 7
- remaining bits in octet 2 as well as the 8 bits in octets 3, 4, and
- 5. It is not possible to create more functional addresses by setting
- more than one of these bits at a time.
-
- Three methods exist for mapping between an IP multicast address and a
- hardware address. These include:
-
- 1. The all rings broadcast address
-
- 2. The assigned functional address
-
- 3. The existing IEEE assigned IP Multicast group addresses
-
- In order to insure interoperability, all systems supporting IP
- multicasting on each physical ring must agree on the hardware address
- to be used. Therefore, the method used should be configurable on a
- given interface. Bridges may provide a means to translate between
- different methods for each physical ring that is being bridged.
- Method (3) is recommended but due to hardware limitations of Token-
- Ring controller chips, may not be possible. In this case, Method (2)
- is preferred over Method (1). For backward compatibility, systems
- that support (2) MUST also support (1). And systems that support (3)
- MUST also support (2) and therefore (1). In the absence of
- configuration information, the default should be to use the assigned
- functional address (2).
-
- IP Multicast Functional Address
-
- Because there is a shortage of Token-Ring functional addresses, all
- IP multicast addresses have been mapped to a single Token-Ring
- functional address. In canonical form, this address is 03-00-00-20-
- 00-00. In non-canonical form, it is C0-00-00-04-00-00. It should be
- noted that since there are only 31 possible functional addresses,
- there may be other protocols that are assigned this functional
- address as well. Therefore, just because a frame is sent to the
- functional address 03-00-00-20-00-00 does not mean that it is an IP
- multicast frame.
-
-
-
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- Pusateri [Page 3]
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- RFC 1469 IP Multicast over Token-Ring LANs June 1993
-
-
- Acknowledgments
-
- The author would like to thank John Moy, Fred Baker, Steve Deering,
- and Rob Enns for their review and constructive comments.
-
- References
-
- [1] Deering, S., "Host Extensions for IP Multicasting", STD 5,
- RFC 1112, Stanford University, August 1989.
-
- [2] Katz, D., "A Proposed Standard for the Transmission of IP
- Datagrams over FDDI Networks", RFC 1188, Merit/NSFNET,
- October 1990.
-
- [3] IBM Token-Ring Network, Architecture Reference, Publication SC30-
- 3374-02, Third Edition, (September, 1989).
-
- Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
- Author's Address
-
- Thomas J. Pusateri
- Consultant
- 11820 Edgewater Ct.
- Raleigh, NC 27614
-
- EMail: pusateri@cs.duke.edu
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